In-depth exploration of Python to write Ethereum smart contract code

In-depth exploration of Python writing Ethereum smart contract code, unlocking the infinite possibilities of blockchain technology In this article, we will explain in detail how to use Python to write Ethereum smart contract code.

We will start with the basic concepts and gradually penetrate into the actual coding process, so that you can easily master this technology.

Whether you are a beginner in blockchain technology or a professional who wants to learn more about its application, this blog will provide you with valuable knowledge and experience.

Let's embark on this journey full of challenges and opportunities together!.

What is Ethereum Smart Contract?.

The Ethereum smart contract is a self-executing protocol running on the blockchain that allows users to conduct trusted transactions without a third-party intermediary.

Once smart contracts are deployed on the blockchain, they cannot be tampered with, ensuring the transparency and security of transactions.

Why choose Python to write Ethereum smart contracts?.

Python is a high-level programming language known for its simplicity and legibility.

Using Python to write Ethereum smart contracts can greatly simplify the development process and improve development efficiency.

In addition, Python has a wealth of libraries and framework support, making the interaction with the Ethereum blockchain more convenient.

Environmental preparation.

Before starting to write smart contracts, we need to prepare the following tools and libraries: 1. # Python #: Make sure you have the latest version of Python installed.

2. # Web3.py #: A Python library for interacting with the Ethereum blockchain.

3. # Solidity #: A high-level programming language for writing smart contracts, usually used in conjunction with Python.

4. # Ganache #: A native Ethereum blockchain simulator for testing smart contracts.

Install the required library.

First, we need to install web3.pyLibrary.

Installation can be done using the following command:

pip install web3

Write the first smart contract.

We will write a simple smart contract in the Solidity language and interact with it in Python.

Solidity smart contract example.

The following is a simple Solidity smart contract, which implements a function of storing and retrieving values:

solidity
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract SimpleStorage {
    uint256 private storedData;

    function set(uint256 x) public {
        storedData = x;
    }

    function get() public view returns (uint256) {
        return storedData;
    }
}

Save the above code as SimpleStorage.solFile.

Compile smart contracts.

Use solcThe compiler compiles Solidity code into Ethereum bytecode and ABI (application binary interface).

You can do this using the Remix IDE or command line tools.

solc --abi --bin SimpleStorage.sol -o output

This will generate two files: SimpleStorage.abiSumSimpleStorage.bin, which contains ABI and bytecode, respectively.

Deploy smart contracts.

Next, we use the Python script to deploy this smart contract.

First, we need to connect to a local Ethereum node (such as Ganache).

from web3 import Web3
import json

# 连接到本地Ganache节点
w3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider('http://127.0.0.1:8545'))

# 确保连接成功
assert w3.isConnected(), "Failed to connect to Ethereum node"

# 加载账户信息
with open("ganache_accounts.json") as f:
    accounts = json.load(f)
default_account = w3.eth.account.privateKeyToAccount(accounts[0]['secretKey'])
w3.eth.defaultAccount = default_account.address

# 读取编译后的合约ABI和字节码
with open("output/SimpleStorage.abi") as f:
    contract_abi = json.load(f)
with open("output/SimpleStorage.bin") as f:
    contract_bytecode = f.read()

# 部署合约
SimpleStorage = w3.eth.contract(abi=contract_abi, bytecode=contract_bytecode)
tx_hash = SimpleStorage.constructor().transact()
tx_receipt = w3.eth.waitForTransactionReceipt(tx_hash)
contract_address = tx_receipt.contractAddress
print(f"Contract deployed at address: {contract_address}")

Interact with smart contracts.

After deployment, we can use Python scripts to interact with smart contracts.

For example, to set and get stored values:

# 创建合约实例
simple_storage = w3.eth.contract(address=contract_address, abi=contract_abi)

# 调用set函数设置值
tx_hash = simple_storage.functions.set(42).transact()
w3.eth.waitForTransactionReceipt(tx_hash)
print("Value set to 42")

# 调用get函数获取值
stored_value = simple_storage.functions.get().call()
print(f"Stored value is: {stored_value}")

Summarize.

Through the introduction of this article, you have learned how to use Python to write Ethereum smart contract code, and master the complete process from writing, compiling, deploying to interacting with smart contracts.

I hope these contents can help you better understand and apply blockchain technology and start your blockchain development journey.