Arduino obstacle avoidance trolley hardware selection guide

Arduino obstacle avoidance trolley hardware selection guide.

When building an Arduino obstacle avoidance car that can accurately locate and intelligently navigate, it is very important to choose the right hardware components.

This article will discuss in depth the core components such as sensors, motors, and microcontrollers suitable for the project, and provide practical suggestions and techniques.

Whether you are a beginner or an experienced engineer, this guide will help you to move your car flexibly in complex environments.

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1. Microcontroller: Arduino UNO.

# Recommended reason: # - # Easy to get started #: Arduino UNO is the first choice for entry-level developers, and its rich tutorials and community support smooth the learning curve.

- # Cost Benefit #: As an open source hardware, Arduino UNO is affordable and suitable for projects with limited budgets.

- # Strong scalability #: With rich library resources and interfaces, it can easily connect various sensors and actuators.

# Code example: #

#include 

Servo myservo;  // 创建一个伺服对象

void setup() {
  myservo.attach(9);  // 将伺服电机连接到数字引脚9
}

void loop() {
  myservo.write(0);   // 将伺服电机转动到0度位置
  delay(1000);        // 等待一秒钟
  myservo.write(90);  // 将伺服电机转动到90度位置
  delay(1000);        // 等待一秒钟
  myservo.write(180); // 将伺服电机转动到180度位置
  delay(1000);        // 等待一秒钟
}

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2. Sensor: Ultrasonic distance sensor (such as HC-SR04).

# Recommended reason: # - # Non-contact measurement #: Measure distance by transmitting ultrasonic waves and receiving echoes, suitable for obstacle avoidance applications.

- # Precision High #: The measuring range is usually 2 cm to 400 cm, and the accuracy can reach 3 mm.

- # Fast response #: Multiple measurements per second, suitable for dynamic environments.

# Code example: #

#define TRIG_PIN 9
#define ECHO_PIN 10

long duration;
int distance;

void setup() {
  pinMode(TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);
  duration = pulseIn(ECHO_PIN, HIGH);
  distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;
  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.print(distance);
  Serial.println(" cm");
  delay(500);
}

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3. Motor drive: L298N motor drive module.

# Recommended reason: # - # Double H Bridge Design #: Supports forward and reverse control of two DC motors, suitable for differential steering.

- # High current output #: The maximum continuous output current can reach 2A, and the peak current can reach 4A.

- # Easy to use #: The motor direction and speed can be controlled through the logic level signal.

# Circuit connection diagram: # - The ENA and ENB pins of the L298N are respectively connected to the digital pins of the Arduino for controlling the motor speed.

-Pins IN1, IN2, IN3, and IN4 are respectively connected to the digital pins of Arduino for controlling the direction of the motor.

-The OUT 1, OUT 2, OUT 3, and OUT 4 pins of L298N are respectively connected to the corresponding pins of the two DC motors.

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4. Power management: lithium battery pack + step-down module.

# Recommended reason: # - # Long endurance #: The lithium battery pack provides a stable power supply to ensure that the car runs for a long time.

- # Voltage Conversion #: The step-down module converts the high voltage of the lithium battery to the operating voltage required for Arduino and other components.

- # Portability #: Lithium batteries are light and easy to carry, suitable for mobile application scenarios.

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5. Other important components:.

- # Wheels and Chassis #: Choose the wheel material and size that suits the project's needs, as well as a stable chassis structure.

- # Wireless Communication Module #: For example, NRF 24L01 can realize remote control and data transmission functions.

- # Debugging tool #: USB to serial port module is convenient for program download and debugging.

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Conclusion.

Building an Arduino obstacle avoidance car with precise positioning and intelligent navigation requires careful selection of suitable hardware components.

Through the introduction of this article, I believe you have a deeper understanding of key components such as microcontrollers, sensors, and motor drives.

Remember to be patient and careful during the assembly process, constantly test and adjust the working status of each component to ensure the stability and reliability of the final product.

I wish you to create an excellent performance Arduino obstacle avoidance car!