Explore the mystery of the Arduino obstacle avoidance car and unlock a new realm of programming!

Obstacle avoidance trolley programming skills: Explore the mystery of the Arduino obstacle avoidance trolley and unlock a new realm of programming.

In today's technological age, smart devices have penetrated into all aspects of our lives.

Among them, the smart car has attracted many enthusiasts to devote themselves to its design and production with its unique charm and broad application prospects.

Among the many smart car projects, the obstacle avoidance car based on the Arduino platform is undoubtedly the most representative and challenging one.

This article will take you to deeply explore the mystery of the Arduino obstacle avoidance car, from hardware connection to algorithm realization, unlocking a new realm of programming in all directions! \n#

I. Hardware connection: the cornerstone of building an obstacle avoidance car.

To make an Arduino obstacle avoidance trolley, you first need to prepare the necessary hardware components.

These components include: Arduino main control board (such as Arduino Uno), motor drive module (such as L 298N), DC motor, wheels, ultrasonic sensors (such as HC-SR04) and power supply.

Next, we will introduce how these components are connected one by one.

1. # Arduino main control board and motor drive module #: Connect the digital I/O ports of the Arduino main control board (such as D3, D4, D5, D6) to the input terminal of the motor drive module (IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4) through a DuPont cable.

In this way, we can control the rotation direction and speed of the motor through the Arduino.

2. # Installation of motor and wheel #: Fix the DC motor on the chassis of the trolley, and install the wheel on the output shaft of the motor.

Make sure the motor can drive the wheels smoothly.

3. # Ultrasonic Sensor Connection #: Connect the Trig (trigger) pin and Echo (echo) pin of the ultrasonic sensor to the remaining digital I/O ports of the Arduino (e.g. D7 and D8), respectively.

At the same time, 5V power supply and ground wire are provided for the sensor.

4. # Power connection #: Connect an external power supply (such as a battery box) to the power input (VCC and GND) of the Arduino main control board and provide sufficient current for the motor drive module.

\n#

II. Programming Basics: Let the obstacle avoidance car move.

After the hardware connection is completed, the next step is to write a program to make the obstacle avoidance car move.

First, we need to import the Arduino IDE and install the corresponding library files (if needed).

Then, create a new Arduino sketch and start writing code.

1. # initialization pin #: in setup()In the function, we need to initialize all used pin modes (input or output).

E.g:

void setup() {
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Trig引脚设为输出模式
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);  // Echo引脚设为输入模式
  pinMode(motorPin1, OUTPUT); // 电机控制引脚设为输出模式
  // ...其他引脚初始化...
}

\n> 2. # send ultrasonic signal #: in loop()In the function, we can write a loop to continuously send ultrasonic signals and receive echoes.

Calculate the distance of the obstacle based on the time of the echo.

E.g:

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
  distance = (duration / 2) * 0.034; // 计算距离（厘米）

  if (distance < threshold) {
    // 如果距离小于阈值，则执行避障操作
    avoidObstacle();
  } else {
    // 如果前方无障碍物，则继续前进
    moveForward();
  }
}

\n> 3. # Control motor rotation #: According to the distance information, we can write functions to control the rotation direction and speed of the motor.

For example, when an obstacle is detected ahead, the car can be stopped or backed up; when there is no obstacle ahead, the car can continue to move forward.

The specific motor control logic can be written according to actual needs.

\n#

III. Algorithm optimization: improve the performance of the obstacle avoidance car.

After the basic obstacle avoidance function is realized, we can also improve the performance of the car by optimizing the algorithm.

For example, PID control algorithms can be introduced to precisely control the speed and steering angle of the motor; more advanced sensors (such as infrared sensors, lidar, etc.) can be used to improve the accuracy and range of obstacle detection; and more advanced obstacle avoidance strategies (such as path planning, autonomous navigation, etc.) can also be implemented in combination with machine learning algorithms.

\n#

IV. Summary and Outlook.

Through the introduction of this article, I believe you have a deep understanding of the programming of the Arduino obstacle avoidance trolley.

From hardware connection to algorithm implementation, every step is full of challenges and fun.

I hope this article can open a door to the world of smart devices for you and inspire your passion for programming and technology.

In the future, with the continuous development and innovation of technology, it is believed that smart cars will show their unique charm and value in more fields.

Let's look forward to and explore this future full of infinite possibilities together!